Stay sun smart this summer: Tygerberg Hospital advises prevention, protection, and early detection of skin cancer

Tygerberg Hospital treats approximately 1 000 skin cancer patients annually is appealing to residents to be vigilant regarding sun protection during the warm and sunny weather and holidays and to seek medical advice promptly if they notice any skin changes. Skin cancer remains a significant health concern, but early detection and treatment can lead to a high rate of cure. Regularly checking your skin for new growths such as moles, lumps or changes in existing ones is a simple but critical step.  

With many of us enjoying the sunny weather, it’s essential to remember that the sun’s rays, while vital for our well-being, can also pose serious health risks. December marks the start of Skin Cancer Awareness Season which runs from 1 December to 31 January, a crucial time to educate and empower residents about protecting themselves and their loved ones against the dangers of skin cancer.

Dr Barbara van der Westhuizen, a dermatologist at Tygerberg Hospital, emphasises the need for public awareness and proactive measures. “Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer globally, and South Africa’s sunny climate places residents at higher risk. The new sun protection guidelines emphasise prevention and sun-safe habits, offering practical steps for individuals and families to minimise their risk”.

Key guidelines for skin cancer prevention

1. Avoid Sunburn: Even a single blistering sunburn during childhood or adolescence can nearly double the risk of developing melanoma later in life.
2. Use Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen: Apply a sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher that protects against both ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) rays. Reapply every two hours and after swimming or sweating.
3. Seek Shade: Especially between 10:00 and 16:00 when the sun’s rays are the strongest.
4. Wear Protective Clothing: Choose tightly woven, lightweight, and long-sleeved clothing, wide-brimmed hats, and UV-blocking sunglasses.
5. Avoid Tanning Beds: Artificial ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can be just as harmful as natural sunlight.
6. Educate Children About Sun Safety: Start early, as habits formed during childhood can last a lifetime.

Early signs of skin cancer to look out for

Skin cancer can often be successfully treated if detected early. The ABCDE rule can help you spot concerning skin changes:

• Asymmetry: One half of a mole or spot doesn’t match the other.
• Border: Edges are irregular, blurred or ragged.
• Colour: Varying shades of brown, black, tan, red, white or blue.
• Diameter: Larger than 6 mm, about the size of a pencil eraser.
• Evolving: Changes in size, shape, colour or elevation, or new symptoms like bleeding or itching.

If you notice any of these signs, consult a healthcare professional immediately.

Special protection for children

Children’s skin is more sensitive to UVR, making sun protection critical during outdoor play:

• Apply sunscreen generously to all exposed areas, especially the face, ears and back of the neck.
• Use sun-protective swimsuits and hats with neck flaps.
• Encourage regular shade breaks, especially during peak UV hours.
• Lead by example – parents practicing sun safety will inspire children to do the same.

A call to action

Skin cancer is largely preventable and early detection saves lives. This Skin Cancer Awareness Month let’s commit to adopting sun-safe habits and sharing knowledge within our communities. Together, we can reduce the impact of skin cancer in South Africa.

For more information about skin cancer prevention, please visit https://cansa.org.za 

For the latest guidelines, please see: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijd.16980