Early detection saves lives: Understanding paediatric cancers and when to seek care
In recognition of International Childhood Cancer Day on 15 February, Tygerberg Hospital and Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital are raising awareness about the importance of early detection and timely treatment of childhood cancers.
Paediatric (or childhood( cancer, though less common than adult cancer, requires timely recognition and intervention to improve outcomes. The most common types of paediatric cancer include brain tumours, acute leukaemia, and tumours arising from primitive cells in deep-seated organs such as the liver, kidney, and adrenal glands. Unlike adult cancers, these cancers often grow quickly but respond well to chemotherapy.
Alliyah Lewis’ Journey: A Story of Hope
Alliyah Lewis, a 2-year-old from Darling, presented in 2024 with progressive abdominal swelling, pain, and weight loss. She was diagnosed with stage 4 neuroblastoma, a cancer affecting the adrenal glands and parts of the nervous system. Her treatment included intensive chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and nutritional support.
In December 2025, Alliyah joyfully rang the copper bell at the Tygerberg Hospital Paediatric Oncology ward, marking the completion of her treatment. She is now a happy little girl, running and playing.
“What stayed with us most was the emotional support from the staff. They comforted us when we were overwhelmed, reassured us when we were afraid, and reminded us we were not facing this journey alone. Their care went far beyond medical treatment, carrying us emotionally through it all,” said Lauren Lewis, Alliyah’s mom.
“Alliyah’s journey confirms the importance of looking for and acting on the early warning signs of childhood cancer. Her remarkable recovery demonstrates the life-changing impact of early intervention and appropriate management in a specialised paediatric oncology unit,” said Prof Van Zyl, Paediatric Oncologist, Tygerberg Hospital.
Amber Michael’s Journey: Resilience in Action
The story of 18-year-old Amber Michael from Heideveld illustrates the importance of vigilance and early detection. A lump, initially identified and treated in 2012 when she was 5 years old, returned in 2020 and grew rapidly. After tests and biopsies at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Amber was diagnosed with stage 1 Hodgkin’s lymphoma. She underwent rapid chemotherapy and received exceptional care from doctors, nurses, and hospital staff.
Her father, Ashley, recalls:
“Despite the challenges, Amber faced each day with courage and determination. Her resilience and positive spirit inspired everyone around her. The medical team provided not only expert care but also hope and reassurance during an incredibly difficult time.”
Today, Amber Michael is a first-year BA Psychology student at the University of the Western Cape, a testament to the life-saving potential of timely detection and effective treatment.
Recognising the Warning Signs
Professor Alan Davidson, Head of the Haematology and Oncology at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, emphasises the importance of awareness.
“Parents should be alert to persistent symptoms such as:
• pallor and easy bruising or bleeding, often associated with bone or joint pain
• persistently enlarged lymph nodes
• unexplained lumps in the abdomen, head and neck, limbs, or testes
• white spots in the eye, new squints or bulging eyes
• neurological changes like deterioration in balance or speech, and prolonged headaches.
Early medical consultation is crucial if any of these symptoms persist.”
When to Seek Medical Care
“If you notice any of the warning signs persisting, consult a physician or qualified healthcare provider immediately. Early recognition allows for quicker diagnosis and better outcomes. While some symptoms may resemble common childhood illnesses, prompt investigation is essential,” advises Professor Davidson.
Paediatric Cancer in South Africa
In the Cape Town Metro, approximately 100 children under the age of 15 are diagnosed with cancer annually. While certain types, such as acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, have shown increases in specific populations, overall childhood cancer rates remain relatively stable, with case numbers rising as the population grows.
Considering that general practitioners and paediatricians encounter very few cases over a professional career, the paediatric oncology units at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Tygerberg Hospital, and Rondebosch Medical Centre work closely with the childhood cancer charity CHOC Childhood Cancer Foundation South Africa to educate medical professionals to recognise and act on the warning signs.
Awareness, vigilance, and early medical consultation are critical in safeguarding children’s health. Parents and caregivers are encouraged to monitor for persistent warning signs and seek prompt medical advice. With timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and compassionate support from healthcare professionals, children with cancer can have positive outcomes and lead fulfilling lives.
Alliyah Lewis at 4 months old and 2 years old:
Amber Michael at 13 years and 18 years old:
